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distinctions. Unfortunately, while these discourses are more robust and more firmlygrounded in evidence, they are without the same rhetorical power to capture theattention and imagination of the mass media press and technological communities.In particular, they are far less commonly seen and read by computer professionalsand policymakers than the utopian/anti-utopian analyses, leading Kling to commentthat, "It is ironic that computing— often portrayed as an instrument of knowledge—is primarily the subject of a popular and professional literature which (sic) areheavily weighted towards the genres whose knowledge claims are the most suspect."1.3.2 Technological Adoption and DiffusionThere is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, ormore uncertain in its success, than to take the lead in the introduction of anew order of things.— Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince (1532)One major focus of study has been the adoption and diffusion of new technologies.Diffusion studies seek to model the process by which an innovation or setof innovations is adopted by individuals or organizations.7 Most diffusion studiesfocus on one specific innovation, whether technical, structural or procedural.Organizational innovation research studies the mechanisms of and factors involvedin the adoption and routinization of computing technologies in the workplace. Thisbody of research has considered the factors of organizations and features of innovationswhich facilitate or inhibit adoption and the characteristics of early, late, andmiddle adopters. It has evaluated the utility of various communication channels
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