Data and methods
The data for this study have been collected through multi-methods which include fo-cus group interviews, observations, a questionnaire survey and a review of a past ESP case study. Two focus group interviews were conducted with 10 English lecturers and students at a private university on separate sessions with similar semi-structured interview questions. Our subjects were mainly involved in undergraduate degree programmes in English language and medical or allied health sciences. Additional narrations were obtained through observations and conversations with other informants such as a teacher trainer, a high school head master, and academic staff from both private and public universities. For needs analysis, a survey on the importance of English language skills and its uses in daily lives was administered to 122 undergraduates in English courses at a private university. A summary of the types of data gathered are shown in Table 1.