Results (
Russian) 1:
[Copy]Copied!
«Незаконных иммигрантов», «незарегистрированных мигрантов», или «нелегалов» являются некоторые из терминов, используемых для описания иммиграционный статус людей, которые не имеют необходимой документации, что доказывает, что они по закону имеют право на работу, посетить или жить в определенной стране. «Незаконных иммигрантов» являются те, которые либо не имеют надлежащего визы в стране легально или вступили в стране легально, но не вернулись в свои родные страны после истечения срока действия их виз. Например бывшие студенты, которые не оставляют иностранного государства, когда их студенческой визы истекает попадают в последнюю категорию. Еще одна категория нелегальных иммигрантов являются те, которые нарушили условия въезда в страну, например, работая без разрешения, не в состоянии посещать школу, если для этой цели, или в незаконной деятельности. Отвергает убежище, что искатели могут также рассматриваться как «незаконных иммигрантов».Таким образом весьма широк спектр нелегальной иммиграции. Каждое государство имеет право решать, где начинается и заканчивается нелегальной миграции. Ограничения на въезд и выезд из страны, а также правовые условия, регулирующие доступ на рынок труда, сосуществуют в каждой стране, с высокой или низкой степенью толерантности на нелегальной иммиграции.Illegal immigration often triggers the fears of governments and citizens of the target countries, as it is sometimes seen as a threat to public order and a burden to education, health care, and welfare systems. Yet, numerous studies show that the most developed nations, where the majority of illegal immigrants are looking for a better life, depend on and even thrive because of the contributions of illegal workers. Agriculture and construction and many services as cleaning and caring for young and elderly persons rely heavily on the cheap and abundant workforce provided by illegal immigrants. However, there are many who argue the opposite: that illegal immigration poses nothing other than trouble to national economies.The exact dimension of illegal immigration is difficult to establish; according to the International Organization for Migration (IOM) data, there are 20–30 million unauthorized migrants worldwide, comprising around 10–15% of the world’s immigrant total number. The majority would leave their homes from “developing” or “Third World” countries to go to developed countries on an “unauthorized,” “undocumented,” or “illegal” basis. In order to get into such a country, illegal immigrants may use falsified travel documents or permits obtained under false pretences, or use clandestine transportation or other methods to cross the border illegally.Illegal or unauthorized immigrants are a heterogeneous group. Yet, there is a common factor: wherever they may be, they all have health needs but are excluded, in part or in full, from the systems of health care promotion, protection, and provision that are available for the local citizens. The provision and cost of health care for illegal immigrants is an issue of debate and concern for most of the EU Member States, the USA, and other developed nations. The most common arguments used to justify this exclusion are that national health care systems, whether publicly financed or privately run, are already strained and overburdened, and, because illegal migrants are not part of the social contracts linking States and their constituent citizens, there is no duty toward their health care needs.Besides that, undocumented migrants, as well as asylum seekers, face practical barriers to access effective health care due to fear, lack of information, poverty, language, cultural constraints, etc. Relatively little is known, though, about the situation of undocumented migrants as the majority of national surveys do not take them into account and there is a lack of global and national statistics about their living conditions, health, and access to care.Existing research, as fragmented as it is, demonstrates that with some minor exceptions, in most developed countries illegal immigrants are usually not entitled to receive medical care from public services, except in cases of emergencies. In the USA, illegal immigrants are not covered under the new health care plan, and they are not eligible for Medicaid. The situation is slightly different in Europe, where most EU Member States would offer health care services for children and pregnant women. In some countries medical care may be offered to illegal aliens by “alternative health care providers” such as nongovernmental organizations that are supported with public funds. Yet, such organizations, where available, cannot provide a solution to systemic problems.
Being translated, please wait..