and the results (Table. 1) revealed that EC concentration was significantly
different in the wines pre- and post-frying (t = 2.536,
p = 0.03), which demonstrated that wine frying process and product
sterilization had significantly influenced the EC formation.
The wine post-frying also showed significant difference
(t = 8.361, p < 0.01) with the wine that were on sale in 2011,
which suggested that EC concentration increased during the storage
while on sale. Earlier investigations demonstrated that EC formation
was primarily related to urea and ethanol reactions, which
reacted under specific conditions at suitable temperature and storage
time during the process of wine production (Stevens & Ough,
1993; Woo et al., 2001)