A landmark 'science of fingerprints' case in the courts occurred in 1911 in Chicago, U.S.A. It resulted in the conviction of a man named Thomas Jennings for murder. Very little evidence against Jennings existed ...the most significant being fingerprints. To ensure that fingerprint evidence would be admitted, the prosecution called several recognized fingerprint experts as witnesses. Edward Foster - the man responsible for the establishment Canada's national fingerprint bureau - was one of these witnesses. With the help of his testimony, Jennings was convicted and sentenced to hang on December 22, 1911.
What was the scientific basis for allowing fingerprint evidence for this case?
At the time, it was the research and comprehensive book Finger Prints published in 1892 by Sir Francis Galton, a well-known scientist, that made a significant contribution to the science of fingerprint identification. "Galton's more interesting contribution was his method of distinguishing fingerprints that contained similar patterns. The general fingerprint patterns of twins, for example, were often the same. But Galton had noticed that fingerprint ridges did not proceed across the fingertips in unbroken lines. They often stopped abruptly, split, contained enclosures, or connected with other ridges. The arrangement of these ridge details were never repeated in a print from two different fingers, not even in twins. Identification of one fingerprint with another, Galton realized, should always be made by comparing their ridge detail or fingerprint minutia (known later as points of comparison or identification). He used this comparison of ridge detail to confirm Herschel's observations of fingerprint permanence." (Copyright C 2001 Colin Beavan)
As a result of his research Galton confirmed that a person's fingerprints would identify him for life and he "became sufficiently confident in the method to say that it would indeed form the basis for a reliable system of identification."(Copyright C 2001 Colin Beavan)
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กรณี 'ศาสตร์ของลายนิ้วมือ"แลนด์มาร์คในศาลเกิดพ.ศ. 2454 ในชิคาโก สหรัฐอเมริกา มันให้ความเชื่อมั่นของคนชื่อ Thomas Jennings สำหรับฆาตกรรม หลักฐานน้อยมากเทียบกับ Jennings อยู่... อะลูมิเนียมม...ที่สำคัญมีลายนิ้วมือ การตรวจสอบลายนิ้วมือที่ หลักฐานจะยอมรับ เรียกผู้เชี่ยวชาญยอมรับลายนิ้วมือหลายเป็นพยานโจทก์ เอ็ดเวิร์ดฟอสเตอร์ -คนชอบของประเทศแคนาดาก่อตั้งสำนักงานแห่งชาติลายนิ้วมือ - เป็นพยานเหล่านี้อย่างใดอย่างหนึ่ง ด้วยความช่วยเหลือของพยานของพระองค์ Jennings ถูกตัดสินลงโทษ และพิพากษาวางบน 22 ธันวาคม 1911สิ่งที่เป็นพื้นฐานทางวิทยาศาสตร์สำหรับหลักฐานลายนิ้วมือสำหรับกรณีนี้หรือไม่ At the time, it was the research and comprehensive book Finger Prints published in 1892 by Sir Francis Galton, a well-known scientist, that made a significant contribution to the science of fingerprint identification. "Galton's more interesting contribution was his method of distinguishing fingerprints that contained similar patterns. The general fingerprint patterns of twins, for example, were often the same. But Galton had noticed that fingerprint ridges did not proceed across the fingertips in unbroken lines. They often stopped abruptly, split, contained enclosures, or connected with other ridges. The arrangement of these ridge details were never repeated in a print from two different fingers, not even in twins. Identification of one fingerprint with another, Galton realized, should always be made by comparing their ridge detail or fingerprint minutia (known later as points of comparison or identification). He used this comparison of ridge detail to confirm Herschel's observations of fingerprint permanence." (Copyright C 2001 Colin Beavan) As a result of his research Galton confirmed that a person's fingerprints would identify him for life and he "became sufficiently confident in the method to say that it would indeed form the basis for a reliable system of identification."(Copyright C 2001 Colin Beavan)
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