Scheduling 2.
Scheduling problems arise in many practical circumstance, these problems can be de Was follows:- There are n independent jobs processed on one machine or more machines, each of which can handle one job at a time. Our objective is to find s schedule of jobs that minimize the cost function. The scheduling theory can be applied to many years including: Computers, Manufacturing, Agriculture, Hospital, Transport, and Production. The first theoretical development in scheduling problem was made by Johnson [1954]. Two other essential results were shortly followed (Jackson [1955] and Smith [1956]). A simple solution procedure for a sequencing problem is to prioritize the jobs according to some problem data. The resulting priorities determine the order in which the jobs have to be "dispatched" for processing. There are two very well-Ithon rules. The shortest weighted processing time (SWPT) rule of Smith [1956] and the second rule is the earliest due date (EDD) rule of Jackson [1955]. A scheduling problem is special type of combinatorial optimization problem (combinatorial optimization problem) is either a minimization or maximization problem with an associated set of instance). The best traditional methods solution for machine scheduling problem are as follows:
I. Complete Enumeration.
2. Branch and Bound Methods (BAB).
3. Dynamic Programming (DP) Method.
4. Dispatching Rules.
5. Heuristic Methods.
6. Local Search Methods including: Descent Methods (DM), Simulated Annealing (SA), Threshold Acceptance (TA) [20], Genetic Algorithms (GA) [23,36,38] and An Colony Optimization (ACO) [18,19]] .
Methods which guarantee optimal solution to machine scheduling problem are Branch and Bound Methods (BAB) and Dynamic Programming (DP) Method. For BAB was first used by Ignall and Schrage [1965] and Lomnicki [1966]. Recently many problems in production scheduling are often solved by applying BAB procedure to obtain optimal solutions. BAB algorithm is used by Mason and Anderson [1991],...,Azed [1999].