Results
Of the 32 studies identified in the literature 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. One feature that differentiated the studies was research method, for example, pre‑post design; and, articles were initially grouped by method. The reported outcomes of the studies were then categorised according to Proctor’s three functions of CS. The results of the studies demonstrated that all three functions, restorative, normative and formative, were evident. The restorative function was noted slightly more frequently than the other two functions