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You are certainly familiar with systems of two linear equations in two unknownsRecall that unless the coefficients of one equation are proportional to the coefficients of the other, the system has a unique solution. The standard method forfinding this solution is to use either equation to express one of the variables as afunction of the other and then substitute the result into the other equation, yielding a linear equation whose solution is then used to find the value of the secondvariable.In many applications, we need to solve a system of n equations in nunknowns:wherenis a large number. Theoretically, we can solve such a system by generalizing the substitution method for solving systems of two linear equations (whatgeneral design technique would such a method be based upon?); however, theresulting algorithm would be extremely cumbersome.Fortunately, there is a much more elegant algorithm for solving systems oflinear equations called Gaussian elimination.2The idea of Gaussian eliminationis to transform a system of n linear equations in n unknowns to an equivalentsystem (i.e., a system with the same solution as the original one) with an upper triangular coefficient matrix, a matrix with all zeros below its main diagonal:
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