At what age should productive assets be retired? How should replacemen translation - At what age should productive assets be retired? How should replacemen Indonesian how to say

At what age should productive asset

At what age should productive assets be retired? How should replacements be chosen when they differ in their uncertain ability to generate future incomes? As a particular version of that problem, we study the tree harvesting decision with two possible replacement species whose values as timber are stochastic and whose growth functions are deterministic. In the single-rotation (Wicksell) problem starting with a bare piece of land (an empty shop), it is optimal to choose and plant one species immediately if its current value is sufficiently high relative to that of the other species (the alternative equipment).However, if the species are insufficiently price-differentiated, it is preferable to leave the land vacant (the shop empty) despite the opportunity cost of doing so. In the repeated version of the problem, it is never optimal to leave the land bare provided the cost of replacement is null. Furthermore, the optimal harvest (tree retirement) age not only depends on the price and current productivity of the trees in place but also on the price and productivity of the other species, because it may replace the current one. The harvest age reaches a peak at some critical threshold of the relative price that signals the necessity to switch to the alternative species; indeed this is when the opportunity cost of choosing one alternative replacement over the other is the highest. The land value (and also the value of the firm) is similar to an American option with free boundary, infinite expiry period, and endogenous payoff. The paper highlights the opportunity cost of alternative replacement options, and the central role of their volatility in both asset-retirement and replacement-choice decisions. All results are derived analytically; a numerical treatment by the penalty method completes the resolution.
0/5000
From: -
To: -
Results (Indonesian) 1: [Copy]
Copied!
At what age should productive assets be retired? How should replacements be chosen when they differ in their uncertain ability to generate future incomes? As a particular version of that problem, we study the tree harvesting decision with two possible replacement species whose values as timber are stochastic and whose growth functions are deterministic. In the single-rotation (Wicksell) problem starting with a bare piece of land (an empty shop), it is optimal to choose and plant one species immediately if its current value is sufficiently high relative to that of the other species (the alternative equipment).However, if the species are insufficiently price-differentiated, it is preferable to leave the land vacant (the shop empty) despite the opportunity cost of doing so. In the repeated version of the problem, it is never optimal to leave the land bare provided the cost of replacement is null. Furthermore, the optimal harvest (tree retirement) age not only depends on the price and current productivity of the trees in place but also on the price and productivity of the other species, because it may replace the current one. The harvest age reaches a peak at some critical threshold of the relative price that signals the necessity to switch to the alternative species; indeed this is when the opportunity cost of choosing one alternative replacement over the other is the highest. The land value (and also the value of the firm) is similar to an American option with free boundary, infinite expiry period, and endogenous payoff. The paper highlights the opportunity cost of alternative replacement options, and the central role of their volatility in both asset-retirement and replacement-choice decisions. All results are derived analytically; a numerical treatment by the penalty method completes the resolution.
Being translated, please wait..
Results (Indonesian) 2:[Copy]
Copied!
Pada umur berapa aktiva produktif pensiun? Bagaimana seharusnya pengganti dipilih ketika mereka berbeda dalam kemampuan pasti mereka untuk menghasilkan pendapatan masa depan? Sebagai versi tertentu dari masalah itu, kita mempelajari keputusan pemanenan pohon dengan dua spesies pengganti mungkin yang nilai-nilai seperti kayu yang stochastic dan yang fungsi pertumbuhan yang deterministik. Dalam single-rotasi (Wicksell) masalah dimulai dengan sepotong telanjang tanah (toko kosong), itu adalah optimal untuk memilih dan tanaman satu spesies segera jika nilai saat ini adalah suf fi relatif sien tinggi dengan yang dari spesies lain (peralatan alternatif ) .Namun, jika spesies insufisiensi fi sien-harga dibedakan, adalah lebih baik untuk meninggalkan tanah kosong (toko kosong) meskipun biaya kesempatan untuk melakukannya. Dalam versi diulang dari masalah, tidak pernah optimal untuk meninggalkan tanah kosong yang disediakan biaya penggantian adalah nol. Selanjutnya, panen yang optimal (pensiun pohon) usia tidak hanya tergantung pada harga dan produktivitas saat pohon-pohon di tempat tetapi juga pada harga dan produktivitas dari spesies lain, karena dapat menggantikan yang sekarang. Usia panen mencapai puncaknya di beberapa ambang kritis harga relatif yang sinyal perlunya untuk beralih ke spesies alternatif; memang ini adalah ketika biaya kesempatan memilih salah satu alternatif pengganti dari yang lain adalah yang tertinggi. Nilai tanah (dan juga nilai fi rm) mirip dengan opsi Amerika dengan batas bebas, berhingga periode kadaluwarsa, dan hasil endogen. Makalah ini menyoroti biaya kesempatan dari pilihan pengganti alternatif, dan peran sentral volatilitas mereka di kedua aset-pensiun dan keputusan pengganti-pilihan. Semua hasil berasal analitis; pengobatan numerik dengan metode hukuman melengkapi resolusi.
Being translated, please wait..
 
Other languages
The translation tool support: Afrikaans, Albanian, Amharic, Arabic, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Basque, Belarusian, Bengali, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Catalan, Cebuano, Chichewa, Chinese, Chinese Traditional, Corsican, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Detect language, Dutch, English, Esperanto, Estonian, Filipino, Finnish, French, Frisian, Galician, Georgian, German, Greek, Gujarati, Haitian Creole, Hausa, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Hindi, Hmong, Hungarian, Icelandic, Igbo, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Javanese, Kannada, Kazakh, Khmer, Kinyarwanda, Klingon, Korean, Kurdish (Kurmanji), Kyrgyz, Lao, Latin, Latvian, Lithuanian, Luxembourgish, Macedonian, Malagasy, Malay, Malayalam, Maltese, Maori, Marathi, Mongolian, Myanmar (Burmese), Nepali, Norwegian, Odia (Oriya), Pashto, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Samoan, Scots Gaelic, Serbian, Sesotho, Shona, Sindhi, Sinhala, Slovak, Slovenian, Somali, Spanish, Sundanese, Swahili, Swedish, Tajik, Tamil, Tatar, Telugu, Thai, Turkish, Turkmen, Ukrainian, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek, Vietnamese, Welsh, Xhosa, Yiddish, Yoruba, Zulu, Language translation.

Copyright ©2025 I Love Translation. All reserved.

E-mail: