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ConclusionOne of the principal reasons for the failure of Muslims to reconcile Islam and modernity isthat the process of ijtihad was closed several centuries ago. However, the sacred texts ofIslam need to be interpreted in the light of contemporary realities and modern knowledge.For ijtihad to be performed successfully in a society, democracy and freedom of expressionmust prevail. While scholars of Islamic law clearly have very important roles to play in therevived practice of ijtihad, they should not have exclusive responsibility over this practice.Faithfulness to the text needs to be combined with creative imagination to produce themost enlightened reinterpretations, suitable for the twenty-first century. Muslim scholarsand leaders in the United States and other Western societies have particular opportunitiesas well as a responsibility to lead a revival of ijtihad. Muslim scholars in the Westhave the freedom to think creatively while still being faithful to the texts, and their newinterpretations could stimulate new thinking among the more traditional religious establishmentsin Muslim countries.
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