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Although not concentrating on Hong Kong’s spa market, Maket al. (2009) examined the motivation factors of Hong Kong spa-goers and identified 21 motivating items, which are grouped under four underlying factors: relaxation and relief, escape, self-rewardand indulgence, and health and beauty. Maket al. (2009) also found that Hong Kong spa-goers have the habit of visiting spas regularly and that male clients represent a quarter of the respondents.Sherman et al. (2007) found significant differences on spa service provided for male and female spa customers. Basically, male and female spa customers rated aromatherapy, body scrub and exfoliation, facial, fitness facilities, lymph drainage, manicure, mud or seaweed wrap, pedicure, Pilates, Shiatsu, sport massage, and yoga services differently. Koh et al. (2010) analyzed the factors under-lying the benefits sought by spa-goers in the U.S. Their findings revealed that there are four major benefit dimensions: social, relaxation, health, and rejuvenation. These benefits are sought by three basic segments of spa-goers: escapists, neutralists, and hedonists.Koh et al. (2010) asserted that spa-goers are indeed seeking a variety of benefits from their spa visits. Kim et al. (2010) examined customers’ behavioral intention to visit spas. The results of their study indicated that perceived behavioral control, past experience,and spiritual wellness are significant predictors of behavioral intention to visit spas. Loureiro et al., 2013 analyzed involvement a san antecedent of emotions and satisfaction as outcomes in the S–O–R model, which was tested into the context of health and wellness tourism, in particularly by Best Offers" style="border: none !important; display: inline-block !important; text-indent: 0px !important; float: none !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: 0px !important; min-width: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; text-transform: uppercase !important; text-decoration: underline !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important; background: transparent !important;">hotel thermal spas. The results revealed that relaxation is the core emotion the spa context; and the atmospheric cues and involvement are important antecedents of relaxation and pleasure. Tsai et al. (2012) concentrated on the male spa goers’ preferences as a growing market segment and categorized 30 spa-related attributes in to four quadrants, namely concentrate here/keep up the good work/low priority/possible over kill that require spa management attention in reexamining operations and features. They also found that relaxation is the main motivation of the male spa goers. A recent study by Kucukusta et al. (2013) analyzed Hong Kong’s inbound travelers’ hotel spas election reasons and criteria. They found that relaxation, pampering, and beautification were the main reasons for visiting hotel spas.
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