This study
examines the dimensionality of our measures by conducting a
principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation. The
results support two factors of innovation performance that have
eigenvalues greater than 1 and explain 82.17% of the variance,
as shown in Appendix Table A1. Each item loads on its
appropriate factor with primary loadings exceeding 0.81 and
cross-loadings lower than 0.42. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients
in parentheses indicating the internal consistency
reliability of the measures in the two factors are both above
the suggested value of 0.70 (Hair et al., 1998). The administrative
factor includes four items to measure the extent of
responsiveness to environmental changes and the degree of
innovative administration in terms of planning procedures,
process control systems, and integrated mechanisms (α=0.919).
The technical factor consists of three questions to measure the
extent to which the firm develops new technologies, incorporates
technologies into new products, and facilitates new
processes to improve quality and lower cost (α=0.896).
3.2.2. Strategic human resource practices
Drawing upon previous researches (e.g., Youndt et al., 1996;
Collins and Clark, 2003; MacDuffie, 1995; Tannenbaum and
Dupuree-Bruno, 1994), this study adapts five aspects, including
staffing, training, participation, performance appraisal, and
compensation, in the construct of strategic human resource
practices with development of a sixteen-item scale. The study
examines the dimensionality of the measures by conducting a
principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation. The
results support five factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 and
explain 80.56% of the variance, as shown in Appendix Table
A2. Each item loads on its appropriate factor with primary
loadings greater than 0.60, and cross-loading lower than 0.43.
The Cronbach's alpha coefficients in parentheses indicating the
internal consistency reliability of the measures in the five factors
are all above the suggested value of 0.70 (Hair et al., 1998). The
staffing factor consists of three items regarding selectivity in
hiring, selection for expertise and skills, and selection for future
potential (α=0.815). The training factor includes four items to
indicate the availability of formal training activities, comprehensive
training policies and programs, training for new hires,
and training for problem-solving ability (α=0.897). The
participation factor consists of three indicators reflecting the
degree to which firms allow the employees to make decisions;
provide the employees the opportunity to suggest improvements
into their work; and value the voices of the employees
(α=0.762). This study uses three items, including developmental
focus, results-based appraisal, and behavior-based
appraisal, to measure the performance appraisal factor
(α=0.903). The compensation factor includes three items that
address the degree to which there are profit sharing, incentive
pay, and the link between performance and reward (α=0.934).
Results (
Arabic) 1:
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هذه الدراسةويدرس أبعاد تدابيرنا بإجراءالمكونات الرئيسية عامل التحليل مع تناوب فارما. علىنتائج دعم اثنين من العوامل للأداء الابتكار التي قدمعامل التحول الخطي أكبر من 1 وشرح 82.17% الفرق،كما هو مبين في الملحق الجدول A1. يحمل كل عنصر على ماعامل الملائمة مع الشحنات الأولية تتجاوز 0.81 وعبر شحنات أقل من 0.42. معاملات ألفا كرونباخبين الأقواس تشير إلى الاتساق الداخليموثوقية التدابير في اثنين من العوامل على حد سواء أعلاهالقيمة المقترحة من 0.70 (الشعر et al., 1998). الإداريةعامل يتضمن أربعة بنود لقياس مدىالقدرة على الاستجابة للتغيرات البيئية ودرجةالإدارة المبتكرة فيما يتعلق بإجراءات التخطيط،نظم التحكم في العملية، والآليات المتكاملة (α = 0.919).عامل تقني يتكون من ثلاثة أسئلة لقياسيتضمن المدى الذي يطور الشركة التكنولوجيات الجديدة،التكنولوجيات في منتجات جديدة، ويسهل جديدالعمليات لتحسين جودة وأقل تكلفة (α = 0.896).3.2.2. الممارسات الاستراتيجي للموارد البشريةاستناداً إلى الأبحاث السابقة (مثلاً، يونت et al., 1996؛كولينز وكلارك، 2003؛ ماكدوفي، 1995؛ تننباوم ودبور-برونو، 1994)، هذه الدراسة تتكيف مع خمسة جوانب، بما في ذلكالتوظيف، والتدريب، والمشاركة، تقييم الأداء، والتعويض، في بناء استراتيجية الموارد البشريةpractices with development of a sixteen-item scale. The studyexamines the dimensionality of the measures by conducting aprincipal components factor analysis with varimax rotation. Theresults support five factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 andexplain 80.56% of the variance, as shown in Appendix TableA2. Each item loads on its appropriate factor with primaryloadings greater than 0.60, and cross-loading lower than 0.43.The Cronbach's alpha coefficients in parentheses indicating theinternal consistency reliability of the measures in the five factorsare all above the suggested value of 0.70 (Hair et al., 1998). Thestaffing factor consists of three items regarding selectivity inhiring, selection for expertise and skills, and selection for futurepotential (α=0.815). The training factor includes four items toindicate the availability of formal training activities, comprehensivetraining policies and programs, training for new hires,and training for problem-solving ability (α=0.897). Theparticipation factor consists of three indicators reflecting thedegree to which firms allow the employees to make decisions;provide the employees the opportunity to suggest improvementsinto their work; and value the voices of the employees(α=0.762). This study uses three items, including developmentalfocus, results-based appraisal, and behavior-basedappraisal, to measure the performance appraisal factor(α=0.903). The compensation factor includes three items thataddress the degree to which there are profit sharing, incentivepay, and the link between performance and reward (α=0.934).
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