Data were collected in summer of 20

Data were collected in summer of 2011, 2012, and 2013. Participants were asked to complete both surveys on the first day of the outdoor program and again on the last day of the program. Resilience was measured using Wagnild and Young’s (1993) Resilience Scale (RS) which contains 25 items measured on a 7-point Likert scale. The RS has been tested on a wide and diverse sample, including young adults, to assess resilience and demonstrates strong reliability estimates (ranging from .85–.91) and test-retest reliabilities in the .67 to .84 range (O’Neal, 1999; Wagnild & Young, 1993). The scale has also been used to measure resilience of outdoor and adventure education program participants (e.g., Ewert & Yoshino, 2008; Neill & Dias, 2001; Shellman, 2009). In this study, Cronbach alpha for the RS was .90. To assess participants’ mental health, the Keyes (2009) Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF, 2009) was used. The MHC-SF contains 14 items measuring three domains of well-being: psychological, emotional, and social well-being. Each item is measured on a scale of 0 (never) to 5 (everyday). The MHC-SF can also be used for categorical diagnosis. For example, one may be categorized as flourishing (total scores ranging from 47-70), moderately mentally healthy (scores ranging from 27-46), or languishing (scores ranging from 0-26). The MHC has sound psychometric properties with a Cronbach alpha >.80, and test-retest reliability ranging from .65 to .68 (Keyes, 2006). In the current study Cronbach alpha of .87 was obtained.

Results (Indonesian) 1:

Data were collected in summer of 2011, 2012, and 2013. Participants were asked to
complete both surveys on the first day of the outdoor program and again on the last day of
the program. Resilience was measured using Wagnild and Young’s (1993) Resilience Scale
(RS) which contains 25 items measured on a 7-point Likert scale. The RS has been tested
on a wide and diverse sample, including young adults, to assess resilience and demonstrates
strong reliability estimates (ranging from .85–.91) and test-retest reliabilities in the .67 to
.84 range (O’Neal, 1999; Wagnild & Young, 1993). The scale has also been used to measure
resilience of outdoor and adventure education program participants (e.g., Ewert & Yoshino,
2008; Neill & Dias, 2001; Shellman, 2009). In this study, Cronbach alpha for the RS was
.90. To assess participants’ mental health, the Keyes (2009) Mental Health Continuum Short
Form (MHC-SF, 2009) was used. The MHC-SF contains 14 items measuring three domains
of well-being: psychological, emotional, and social well-being. Each item is measured on a
scale of 0 (never) to 5 (everyday). The MHC-SF can also be used for categorical diagnosis.
For example, one may be categorized as flourishing (total scores ranging from 47-70),
moderately mentally healthy (scores ranging from 27-46), or languishing (scores ranging
from 0-26). The MHC has sound psychometric properties with a Cronbach alpha >.80, and
reliabilitas test-retest mulai 0,65-0,68 (Keyes, 2006). Dalam studi saat ini Cronbach
alpha dari 0,87 diperoleh.

Results (Indonesian) 2:

Ich bin normalerweise nicht in Weihnachtsstimmung im Dezember, aber ich bin für Heiligabend