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1.1.2 Spectrum monitoring
1.1.2.1 Purpose of spectrum monitoring
Spectrum monitoring serves as the eyes and ears of the spectrum management process. It is necessary in practice because in reality, authorized use of the spectrum does not ensure that it is being used as intended. This may be due to the complexity of the equipment, interaction with other equipment, a malfunction of equipment, or deliberate misuse. This problem has been further exacerbated due to the accelerating proliferation of terrestrial wireless and satellite systems and of equipment that may cause interference, such as computers and other unintentional radiators. The monitoring system provides a method of verification and “closes the loop” on the spectrum management process.
Use of the spectrum occurs around the clock throughout the year, whether locally, regionally, or globally. Likewise, spectrum monitoring should also be on a continuous basis if the purposes and goals of monitoring are to be appropriately fulfilled.
The purpose of spectrum monitoring is to support the spectrum management process in general, including frequency assignment and spectrum planning functions. Specifically, the goals of monitoring (not necessarily in priority order) are to:
– assist in the resolution of electromagnetic spectrum interference, whether on a local, regional or global scale, so that radio services and stations may coexist compatibly, reducing and minimizing resources associated with installing and operating these telecommunication services while providing economic benefit to a country’s infrastructure through access to interference- free, accessible telecommunication services;
– assist in ensuring an acceptable quality of radio and television reception by the general public;
– provide valuable monitoring data to an administration’s electromagnetic spectrum management process concerning the actual use of frequencies and bands (e.g., channel occupancy and band congestion), verification of proper technical and operational characteristics of transmitted signals (license compliance), detection and identification of illegal transmitters and potential interferers, and the generation and verification of frequency records;
– provide valuable monitoring information for programmes organized by the ITU Radio- communication Bureau (Bureau), for example in preparing reports to Radiocommunication Conferences, in seeking special assistance of administrations in eliminating harmful interference, in clearing out-of-band operations, or in assisting administrations in finding suitable frequencies.
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