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Transverse vibrations can further be split into two types: transient and stationary. Transient would be the result of moving from one geological rock type to another. These vibrations would occur due to the difference in physical properties between the two layers of rock. In contrast, stationary vibrations are caused by the natural resonance of the drillstring [Jardine et al, 1994].One of the most common and easily identifiable causes of stationary vibration is the stick-slip phenomena. Stick-slip is caused by the friction between the BHA and the borehole wall. As the drillstring becomes stuck against the borehole wall (the stick phase), the friction causes the bit to stop rotating. Since the drill is still applying a rotary torque to the BHA, energy begins to accumulate until there is enough to overcome the frictional forces and the bit once again begins to rotate, only at a much greater speed than originally selected (the slip phase). This accelerated speed continues for several seconds until eventually slowing and going back into a stick phase. The process then continues to repeat. The stick-slip phenomena results in a harmonic torsional oscillation along the length of the drillstring [Jardine et al, 1994]. The drillstring is very spring-like in nature and the oscillations will have a period that directly relates to the length of the drillstring. A useful diagram which illustrates the idea of thinking of the drillstring as a mass-spring-damper system is shown in Figure 7.
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