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These results are consistent with thefinding that a mutant Arabidopsis which accumulates alarge amount of proline is salt-hypersensitive (Liu and Zhu1997). The negative correlation between proline accumulationand osmotolerance in some plant species does not ruleout an adaptive role for proline; rather, it may reflect theimportance of proline in the mechanisms of salt toleranceother than osmotic adjustment (Delauney and Verma1993). In fact, the level of proline in turfgrasses was toolow to have any significant effect on osmotic adjustment(Torello and Rice 1986). Exogenous d-proline did notfunction as an osmotic adjuster in antisense transgenicArabidopsis which was produced by downregulation of agene for P5CS (Nanjo et al. 1999). In contrast, proline couldprotect lactate dehydrogenase from freeze–thaw cycles,high temperatures, and chemicals (Rajendrakumar et al.1994). Proline functioned in scavenging and/or reducing theproduction of hydroxyl radicals in salt-stressed plants(Smirnoff and Cumbes 1989; Alia et al. 1993). Thus, theaccumulation of proline in acacia species might contributeto the cellular adaptation to salt stress or be a result ofmetabolic changes induced by salt stress. In conclusion, thelevel of proline accumulation after salt stress is not relatedto the degree of salt tolerance in acacia species.
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