“The police encircled them. There w

“The police encircled them. There was some brick throwing. A couple of police retaliated by firing. A man was killed and another seriouslyIn 1932, a group of WWI veterans in Portland, Ore., rallied the Bonus Army to Washington to lobby for early payment of their promised bonuses. They set up camp along the Anacostia River that May. But by July, officials lost patience and went into the camp to evict the marchers. It turned violent. A soldier torched a tent, and the Army began torching everything still standing.wounded….To my right…military units were being formed….A squadron of calvary was in front of this army column. Then, some staff cars, and four trucks with baby tanks on them, stopped near the camp. They let the ramps down and the baby tanks rolled out into the street….The 12th Infantry was in full battle dress. Each had a gas mask and his belt was full of tear gas bombs….They fixed their bayonets and also fixed the gas masks over their faces. At orders, they brought their bayonets at thrust and moved in. The bayonets were used to jab people, to make them move….The entire block was covered by tear gas. Flames were coming up, where the soldiers had set fire to the buildings housing protesters to drive these people out.”10The Political Response—Franklin D. Roosevelt and The New DealOne observer pointed out to Franklin D. Roosevelt? (FDR) upon taking office that, given the present crisis, he would be either the worst or greatest president in American history. Roosevelt is said to have responded: “If I fail, I shall be the last one.”11 By the time Franklin Roosevelt was elected in 1932, the traditional ideologies and institutions of the United States were in a state of upheaval.12 Americans who had grown up promoting the ideology of the “deserving and undeserving poor” and the stigma of poor relief were now standing in line for relief. Private nonprofit organizations such as Community Chests, although valiant in their effort, were overwhelmed with requests, unable to meet the needs of their communities. State and local governments, ultimately responsible for their poor throughout American history, now looked for financial assistance. What was needed was an expanded institutional partnership between the federal government and the other sectors of American society in promoting social welfare. In the past, the federal government had been active in other areas such as railroad development and war veteran pensions. However, the American belief, as earlier expressed by President Franklin Pierce to Dorothea Dix, was that the federal 

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"Polisi mengepung mereka. Ada beberapa batu bata melempar. Beberapa polisi membalas dengan menembakkan. Seorang pria tewas dan satu lagi seriouslyIn 1932, sekelompok Perang Dunia I veteran di Portland, Ore., Rally Bonus Darat ke Washington untuk melobi untuk pembayaran awal bonus yang dijanjikan mereka. Mereka mendirikan kamp di sepanjang Sungai Anacostia yang Mei. Tapi pada bulan Juli, pejabat kehilangan kesabaran dan pergi ke kamp untuk mengusir demonstran. Ternyata kekerasan. Seorang tentara membakar tenda, dan Angkatan Darat mulai membakar semuanya masih standing.wounded ... .Untuk kanan saya ... unit militer sedang dibentuk ... .A skuadron Kalvari berada di depan kolom tentara ini. Kemudian, beberapa mobil staf, dan empat truk dengan tangki bayi pada mereka, berhenti di dekat kamp. Mereka membiarkan landai ke bawah dan tank bayi terguling ke jalan ... .suatu 12 Infanteri dalam gaun pertempuran penuh. Masing-masing memiliki masker gas dan ikat pinggang penuh bom gas air mata ... .Mereka tetap bayonet mereka dan juga tetap masker gas lebih wajah mereka. Pada perintah, mereka membawa bayonet mereka di dorong dan pindah. The bayonet yang digunakan untuk menusuk orang, untuk membuat mereka bergerak ... .the seluruh blok ditutupi oleh gas air mata. Api yang datang, di mana tentara telah membakar para demonstran bangunan perumahan untuk mendorong orang-orang ini keluar. "10The Politik Respon-Franklin D. Roosevelt dan The New DealOne pengamat menunjukkan kepada Franklin D. Roosevelt? (FDR) setelah menjabat itu, mengingat krisis saat ini, ia akan menjadi baik yang terburuk atau terbesar dalam sejarah presiden Amerika. Roosevelt dikatakan telah menjawab: ". Jika saya gagal, saya akan menjadi yang terakhir" 11 Pada saat Franklin Roosevelt terpilih pada tahun 1932, ideologi tradisional dan lembaga dari Amerika Serikat berada dalam keadaan upheaval.12 Amerika yang dibesarkan mempromosikan ideologi "layak dan tidak layak miskin" dan stigma lega miskin sekarang berdiri di baris untuk bantuan. Organisasi swasta nirlaba seperti dada Komunitas, meskipun berani dalam upaya mereka, kewalahan dengan permintaan, tidak dapat memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat. Negara dan pemerintah daerah, bertanggung jawab untuk mereka miskin sepanjang sejarah Amerika, sekarang mencari bantuan keuangan. Apa yang dibutuhkan adalah kemitraan kelembagaan diperluas antara pemerintah federal dan sektor-sektor lain dari masyarakat Amerika dalam mempromosikan kesejahteraan sosial. Di masa lalu, pemerintah federal telah aktif di daerah lain seperti pengembangan jalur kereta api dan veteran perang pensiun. Namun, keyakinan Amerika, seperti yang sebelumnya diungkapkan oleh Presiden Franklin Pierce ke Dorothea Dix, adalah bahwa federal