plicated.
Two possible downdrag loading conditions for the group must be calculated, as follows:
1. Large spacing of piles. If the piles are spaced far apart, then it is likely that the downdrag will
act on each pile separately. Equations 6.21 and 6.22 can be used to determine the downdrag load
for each pile. The downdrag of each pile in the group would then be summed up in order to calculate
the total downdrag for a given pile group.
2. Small spacing of piles. When the pile spacing is small, the downdrag load may act effectively
on the entire perimeter of the group, in which case the following equations are utilized:
For square pile groups in cohesionless soil subjected to downdrag: