Specific projects linking mapping and fisheries management focus on mapping of gear areas in the northeast, detection of bottom impacts, monitoring closure areas, and as a tool to audit vessel trip reports. Historical and current use of Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, based on reports by fishermen and scallopers employing a variety of fishing gear types, has been digitized and analyzed using GIS. Several projects described new approaches or tools to assist managers. These include two GIS-based decision tools, one based on human activities on the Scotian Shelf and one to allow stakeholders to participate in environmental decision-making. Weighted raster (grid-base) models are the basis of comparisons between commercial fishing grounds and biologically significant regions in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank. Broader scale approaches include mapping social and ecological connections to assess impacts on the fishing industry. NOAA has supported the development of EcoGIS as a tool for ecosystem-based management approaches for fisheries.