• Advanced argillic: These assemblages both cut across the other assem translation - • Advanced argillic: These assemblages both cut across the other assem Indonesian how to say

• Advanced argillic: These assembla

• Advanced argillic: These assemblages both cut across the other assemblages as tabular, vertically-oriented zones, or from more extensive lateral blankets or “lithocaps” at high elevation (Figure 12). In the first case, in porphyry environments, they are formed by ascending acid fluids ofmagmatic origin, but at low temperatures compared to the pottasic zones. Similar assemblages making up the second case can be formed at shallower levels by the secondary formation of acid-sulphate fluids from epithermal waters. They are strongly destructive of host rocks and other alteration assemblages. They may be zoned, from an alunite-quartz central zone, to an outer envelope with some combination of quartz, pyrophyllite, dickite, kaolinite, alunite and diaspora. Further from the fluid channels they may grade into ‘normal’ propyllitic or argillic assemblages.
Gambar 12
Transverse section of the Tapian porphyry copper deposit to show spatial relationship between orebody and advanced argillic-alteration (After Sillitole and Gappe 1984)
6.2 Veining
Pevasiveveining is a feature of many porphyry deposits. Veins may be large, massive (“bull quatz”) features which can be recognized over hundreds of meters, or more commonly a closely-spaced network or finner fracture fillings. Quartz is the most common vein mineral in these deposits, followed by K-feldspar, sulphides, and anhydrite.
As a general rule, quartz veins from porphyry deposits can be distinguished from epithermal veins in hand specimen by their appearance and texture. Porphyry-related quartz veins usually have a more vitreous appearance that do epithermal veins (other than those made of hyaline opal) and are often cloudy due to very numerous tiny fluid inclusions. They are less likely to demonstrate strong structural alignment than epithermal veins, and more likely to be wispy or discontinuous. Both of these features are a consequence of them having been emplaced at a greater depth, and so with pressures closer to lithostatic compensation.
Gustafon and Hunt (1975) introduced a system of classification of porphyry-related veins for the El Salvador deposit. The distinguished “A”, “B”, and “D” type veins (Table 3). Although the original classification was intended only to apply to the El Salvador deposit, other geologists have since recognized very similar vein types, especially “A” and “D”, in other deposits, and the terminology has gained some general acceptance as useful descriptive terms especially texturally.
”B” veins at El Salvador comprise coarse quartz and minor molybdenite with occasional anhydrite, tourmaline, chalcopyrite and minor pyrite. K-feldspar is notably absent. The quartz is often aligned, approaching a “coxcomb” structure, and the centre of the vein may be vuggy. Texturally the “B” veins are continuous planar structures with parallel walls and some form of internal banding. They were presumably emplaced when the host rocks were not only cool enough to sustain brittle fracture, but subject to some form of preferentially-directed stress. At El Salvador many of “B” veins have low angles of dip, suggesting that they were deposited in fractures formed by relief of vertical stress. e.g by erosion.
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• Advanced argillic: assemblages ini keduanya membelah assemblages lain sebagai zona tabel, berorientasi vertikal, atau dari selimut lateral yang lebih luas atau "lithocaps" di tempat ketinggian (gambar 12). Dalam kasus pertama, dalam lingkungan porfiri, mereka dibentuk menurut cairan asam ofmagmatic asal, tetapi pada suhu rendah dibandingkan dengan zona pottasic. Serupa assemblages membuat kasus kedua dapat dibentuk pada tingkat yang dangkal dengan pembentukan sekunder cairan asam sulfat dari perairan epithermal. Mereka sangat kuat merusak tuan rumah batu dan assemblages perubahan lainnya. Mereka mungkin dapat dikategorikan, dari zona tengah alunite-kuarsa, ke luar amplop dengan beberapa kombinasi dari kuarsa, pyrophyllite, dickite, kaolinite, alunite dan diaspora. Jauh dari saluran cairan mereka mungkin kelas ke 'normal' propyllitic atau argillic assemblages.Gambar 12 Melintang bagian deposit Tapian porfiri tembaga untuk menunjukkan hubungan spasial orebody dan maju argillic-perubahan (setelah Sillitole dan Gappe 1984)6.2 veining Pevasiveveining adalah fitur banyak porfiri deposito. Vena mungkin besar, besar-besaran ("sapi quatz") fitur yang dapat diakui selama ratusan meter, atau lebih umumnya berdekatan jaringan atau kebun fraktur tambalan. Kuarsa adalah mineral vena paling umum di deposito ini, diikuti oleh K-feldspar, kaya dengan sulfida dan anhidrit.Sebagai aturan umum, kuarsa vena dari porfiri deposito dapat dibedakan dari epithermal urat di tangan spesimen dengan penampilan dan tekstur. Kuarsa terkait porfiri vena biasanya memiliki penampilan yang lebih vitreous yang melakukan epithermal vena (selain yang terbuat dari hialin opal) dan sering berawan karena inklusi cairan kecil yang sangat banyak. Mereka kurang cenderung menunjukkan keselarasan struktural yang kuat daripada epithermal vena, dan lebih cenderung menjadi tipis atau terputus. Kedua fitur tersebut adalah konsekuensi dari mereka memiliki emplaced di kedalaman lebih besar, dan begitu dengan tekanan lebih dekat untuk lithostatic kompensasi.Gustafon dan Hunt (1975) memperkenalkan sistem klasifikasi terkait porfiri vena untuk deposit El Salvador. Terkenal "A", "B", dan "D" ketik vena (Tabel 3). Meskipun klasifikasi asli dimaksudkan hanya untuk menerapkan untuk deposit El Salvador, ahli geologi lain karena telah diakui sangat mirip vena jenis, terutama "A" dan "D", di lain deposito, dan terminologi yang telah memperoleh beberapa penerimaan umum sebagai istilah-istilah deskriptif yang berguna terutama texturally."B" vena di El Salvador terdiri dari kasar kuarsa dan kecil molybdenite dengan sesekali anhidrit, turmalin, chalcopyrite dan kecil pirit. K-feldspar terutama absen. Kuarsa sering sejajar, mendekati sebuah struktur "coxcomb", dan pusat kota vena yang mungkin vuggy. Texturally vena "B" adalah terus-menerus struktur planar dengan dinding paralel dan beberapa bentuk internal banding. Mereka mungkin emplaced ketika tuan rumah batu tidak hanya cukup dingin untuk mempertahankan fraktur rapuh, tapi tergantung pada beberapa bentuk preferentially diarahkan stres. Di El Salvador banyak vena "B" memiliki sudut rendah berenang, menunjukkan bahwa mereka yang disimpan di patah tulang yang dibentuk oleh menghilangkan stres vertikal. misalnya oleh erosi.
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