Intrinsic motivation ties in nicely with the affectivefilter hypothesis (Krashen, 1981):
students who feel less anxiety, yet stimulated and not bored, will be more motivated to learn. According to Krashen, as well as Ryan and Deci, teachers should create an environment that
is enjoyable, interesting, and low in anxiety. Further, in Krashen’s view, focus on meaning
should take precedence over focus on grammar, although grammar should not be ruled out
altogether. If students focus on meaning and fluency, grammatical and lexical accuracy can,
accordingly, be fine tuned over time.
In contrast to Krashen, other linguists assert that too much focus on fluency, and not