We show that the incumbent's investment in R&D knowledge is strictly d translation - We show that the incumbent's investment in R&D knowledge is strictly d Chinese Traditional how to say

We show that the incumbent's invest

We show that the incumbent's investment in R&D knowledge is strictly decreasing for levels of complementary assets availability at which a start-up does not form and it remains constant, although inefficiently provided, for higher degrees of complementary assets availability. One may be led to think that the incumbent's incentives to invest in R&D when the availability of complementary assets is such that a start-up form are always lower than those when the employees remains with the firm. Instead, our main result shows that moving from a scenario without start-up formation to one with start-up formation may as well induce an increase in the optimal incumbent's investment in R&D(consistently with the empirical evidence reported above for the computer game industry). This occurs if the costs of start-up formation grow slower than market profits as the incumbent's R&D investment increases. To gain an economic intuition, note that the joint surplus in the bargaining between the incumbent and the employee is positively related to the costs of start-up formation. Hence, if the marginal effect of R&D investment on the costs of start-up formation is smaller than that on market profits, the incumbent's marginal returns from investment are lower if its payoff depends on the joint bargaining surplus(i.e. if the employee stays in the firm) rather than on market profits(i.e. if a start-up forms). Importantly, our main result still holds when allowing for the possibility of setting ex ante wages, and for that of writing ex ante contingent contracts
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Results (Chinese Traditional) 1: [Copy]
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我們表明,現任總統的投資在 R & D 知識嚴格遞減為別的互補資產可用性的啟動並不構成,它保持不變,雖然效率提供更高程度的互補資產可用性。一個可能導致認為現任總統的獎勵投資在 R & D 補充資產的可用性時這樣的啟動表單是總是低於那些雇員仍然在公司的時候。相反,我們主要的結果表明,從不用啟動形成一個場景移動到一個與啟動形成以及導致最優現任投資在 R & D 增加 (一貫與上文報告的電腦遊戲業的實證證據)。如果啟動形成的費用增長速度慢于市場利潤作為現任總統的研發投資增加,這會發生。若要獲得經濟的直覺,請注意任職者和雇員之間討價還價的聯合盈餘呈正相關的啟動形成費用。因此,如果研發投資的成本啟動形成的邊際效應小於市場利潤,從投資在職者的邊際收益是低,如果其收益取決於聯合議價盈餘 (即如果員工留在公司),而不是市場利潤 (即如果啟動形式)。重要的是,我們主要的結論仍然成立時允許設置 ex 安特工資的可能性和 ex 安特特遣隊合同的寫作
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我們證明了現任的研發知識的投資嚴格遞減的互補性資產可用性水平在哪個初創不會形成並保持不變,雖然低效提供更高程度的互補性資產的可用性。一個可能導致認為現任的激勵研發投資時,互補性資產的可用性是這樣的初創形式總是比低時,員工保持與企業。相反,我們的主要結果表明,從一個場景移動沒有開辦形成一個與初創的形成可能也引起了最佳現任公司在研發投入(始終與上述電腦遊戲產業報告的經驗證據)同比增長。如果初創形成成本較市場利潤現任的R&D投入的增加增長速度較慢,會出現此。為了獲取經濟直覺,注意在現任和僱員之間的談判聯盈是正相關的初創形成成本。因此,如果在啟動時形成的成本中R&D投資的邊際效應大於市場利潤小,現任的投資邊際收益較低,如果其收益取決於聯合議價盈餘(即如果員工留在公司),而不是市場的利潤(即如果一家初創的形式)。重要的是,允許設置事前工資的可能性時,我們的主要結論仍然成立,並以書面事前隊伍合約
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Results (Chinese Traditional) 3:[Copy]
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我們發現,在研發知識是嚴格遞減的互補性資產的可用性,啟動不形成和保持不變的水准,現任的投資,雖然沒有提供更高程度的互補性資產的可用性。一個可能會導致認為,現任的激勵投資在研發時,補充資產的可用性是這樣的,一個啟動形式總是低於那些當員工仍然與公司。相反,我們的主要結果表明,從一個場景,而無需啟動形成一個啟動形成,以及誘導新增在最佳現任的投資在研發(持續與以上的經驗證據報告的電腦遊戲行業)。這會發生,如果啟動形成的成本比市場利潤增長放緩,作為現任的研發投資新增。要獲得一個經濟的直覺,請注意,在現任和員工之間的談判的聯合盈餘呈正相關的啟動形成的成本。囙此,如果研發投資的邊際效應的啟動形成的成本是小於市場利潤,現任的邊際回報的投資是較低的,如果它的回報取決於聯合談判盈餘(即如果員工留在公司),而不是市場上的利潤(即,如果一個啟動形式)。更重要的是,我們的主要結果仍然保持時,允許設定事前的薪水,並為書面事前偶然的契约
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