Meanwhile, the supply of domestic bonds increases, and then the bond holdings
by private investors increase. According to equation (10.5) and equation (10.6)
and the illustrations in Figure 10.2 and Figure 10.3, the interest rate should rise
due to a decrease in the monetary base as well as an increase in the supply of do-
mestic bonds. As demonstrated in Figure 10.5, the MM line shifts left-upwards to
M’M’ and the BB line shifts right-upwards to B’B’ consequently. As suggested by
equation (10.7), a higher interest rate in the domestic country makes domestic
bonds more attractive, putting off private investors from holding foreign bonds
Accordingly, the exchange rate decreases or the domestic currency appreciates
while the demand for foreign bonds, as well as foreign bond prices in terms of the
domestic currency value, falls. The B*
B*
line is unmoved since this open market
operation is a swap of domestic bonds for money, involving no changes in foreign
bonds. The new general equilibrium attains at point E’ with an increased interest
rate of ' r and a reduced exchange rate of ' S . To summarise, these shifts are ac-
companied by the rise of the interest rate and the appreciation of the domestic cur-
rency. The domestic bond price falls as a result of an excess supply of domestic
bonds and reduced demand for bonds caused by the decrease in the monetary base
The domestic currency denominated foreign bond price falls as the exchange rate
decreases or the domestic currency appreciates.