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when applied to both gram-positive and gram-negative cells,crystal violet and then iodine readily enter the cells. inside the cells,the crystal violet and iodine combine to from CV-1.This complex is larger than the crystal violet molecule that entered the cells and because of its size,it cannot be washed out of the intact peptidoglycan layer of gram-positive cells by alcohol.Consequently,gram-positive cells rentain the color of the crystal violet dye.in gram-negative cells,however the alcohol wash disrupts the outer lipopolysaccharide layer,and the CV-1 complex is washed out through the thin layer of peptydoglycan.As,a result,gram-negative cells are colorless until counterstained with safranin,after which they are pink.
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