Results (
Indonesian) 1:
[Copy]Copied!
2.1. Experimental design and proceduresWe study a two-period setting similar to that of Forsythe et al. (1982) and Friedman et al. (1984). In each experimental session, two double auction markets are operating simultaneously. In each market, one of two assets, A or B, can be traded. We refer to each two-period sequence as a round. Most sessions consist of ten rounds.At the beginning of every first period of each round (i.e. in each odd-numbered period), every subject is endowed with five units of asset A and five units of asset B. All subjects are also endowed with 20,000 francs (experimental currency) of working capital. The working capital is a loan that must be repaid at the end of the round. Subjects’ endowments of asset and working capital are reinitialized at the beginning of each round.The only source of intrinsic value for both assets is the dividends that they yield. Both assets pay stochastic dividends at the end of each period. The dividend is the same regardless of who owns the unit. Dividends are paid to a separate account that cannot be used for purchasing assets, but that does count toward final earnings.In the first period of each round, the dividend of both assets is drawn independently from the set {100, 150, 350, 400} with equal probability on each possible outcome. This makes the expected dividends for both assets equal to 250 in every first period of any round.In the second period of each round, a shock occurs to either asset A or asset B. Exactly one of the assets is shocked in each round. Each of the two assets is shocked with equal probability. If an asset is shocked, it can not pay the two highest dividend realizations (350 or 400) in the second period of the current round. This means the expected dividend that a shocked asset pays is 125 in the second period. All subjects are informed about which asset is shocked. They are also told that when the shock occurs, the non-shocked asset may be either positively correlated with, negatively correlated with, or independent of the shocked asset, all with equal probability.If an asset is positively correlated with the shocked asset, it cannot pay the highest possible dividend (400). If an asset is negatively correlated with the shocked asset, it cannot pay the lowest possible dividend (100). Hence, the expected dividend for an asset that is positively (negatively) correlated with the shocked asset is 200 (300) in the second period[7]. If two assets are uncorrelated, then the dividend is, as in first period of any round, drawn from the set {100, 150, 350, 400} with equal probability, making the expected dividend equal to 250 in the second period. The expected value of the non-shocked asset is 250, calculated as (Equation 6). The term 1/3 comes from the fact that there is equal probability that the two assets are positively, negatively, or not correlated.In each round, there is a 50 percent chance that the computer will randomly select half of the participants as insiders. The insiders know the exact relationship between the assets and thereby the true value of the assets in the second period of the current round[8].Figure 1 summarizes all possible scenarios in the second period of any round. The same figure is shown to all subjects in the instructions, which also explain in detail how the numbers in the figure are calculated. Subjects are also explicitly told to refer to this graph whenever they need a reminder about the dividend process.
Being translated, please wait..
