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The 26 January 1531 earthquake heavily impacted Lisbon according to the coeval sources and archaeologicalremnants. The earthquake, and in particular the claimed tsunami, were not so far the subject of a quantitativestudy. This event is thought to be the one of the biggest in Lisbon history. The observations indicate that thewater disturbance was preceded by the shock and flooding of the river banks. We present a re-appraisal of thewritten information and the main results of the archaeological studies. Macroseismic data is re-analysed and anew isoseismal map is presented. Finally, we investigate the water disturbance observed in the estuary toestablish the occurrence of a tsunami event. Our conclusions point to the fact that a tsunami was observed alongthe estuary but it did not affect the city of Lisbon. This study is a contribution to the seismic and tsunami riskassessment in Lisbon
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