In the last few years, many efforts have been spent in the analytical chemistry area for developing methodologies
with suitable productivity and sensitivity, especially in the water analysis field. In this context, FIA systems have
been successfully coupled to solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the preconcentration/separation of metallic cations with
several types of no modified solid sorbents, such as C18 polyurethane foam [2–5], activated carbon [6], activated alumina
[7,8] or fullerene [9].