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Both the purpose of, and the need for the NDB are intrinsically linked to the imperative of efficiently channeling global savings (estimated to be USD 17 trillion in 2012) into infrastructure and sustainable development. It is worth noting that the share in global savings of the BRICS countries is now larger than that of the United States, Japan and the EU, combined. Given the location and availability of global savings, the NDB is expected to mainstream development financing. It is expected to encourage not only broader participation of institutional investors that are managing a large share of these savings but also more efficient financial inter-mediation.The NDB should also be used as a platform for BRICS countries and their partners in the future to bridge the gap between the global discourse on development finance and that on reform of the International Financial Architecture. This can be achieved through a demonstration effect. Currently, the two issues are discussed separately among governments; the development financing conversation is situated in New York and Paris whereas the conversation on re-calibrating the International Financial Architecture is located in Washington, DC and Basel.Specifically, despite a softening of official rhetoric, the Washington-Basel discourse continues to project fiscal orthodoxy. This is enforced by the dominant institutions of global finance including credit rating agencies and defines the de facto environment in which both public and private finance operates in most developing countries. An example of this is the focus on capital adequacy as exemplified by the Basel III Accord, which contradicts the need for credit enhancement in developing countries. Some examples of activities with high social returns which are questioned by the Basel model include rural development (particularly smallholder systems), urban infrastructure, sustainable energy, and at the bottom of the pyramid, health and education delivery. A prominent example is also the Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector in India, in which only 33 to 34 percent of total firms have access to institutional finance.
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