Systems Analyst.
Studies methods of working within an organisation to decide how tasks can be done efficiently by computers. Makes a detailed analysis of the employer's requirements and work patterns to prepare a report on different options for using information technology. This may involve consideration of hardware as well as software. Either uses standard computer packages or writes a specification for programmers to adapt existing software or to prepare new software. May oversee the implementation and testing of a system and acts as a link between the user and the programmer.
Produces the programs which control the internal operations of computers. Converts the system analyst's specification to a logical series of steps. Translates these into the appropriate computer language. Often compiles programs from libraries or sub-programs, combining these to make up a complete systems program. Designs, tests and improves programs for computer-aided design and manufacture, business applications, computer networks and games.
Can be responsible for installation, maintenance or repair of computers and associated equipment. Installs hardware, ranging from personal computers to mainframe machines, and tests by running special software. Some technicians carry out routine servicing of large mainframe systems, aiming to avoid breakdowns. Others are called in to identify and repair faults as quickly as possible usually by replacing faulty parts. Work can also involve upgrading machines usually on customers' premises.
Maintains the link between PCs and workstations connected in a network. Use telecommunications, software and electronic skills and knowledge of the networking software to locate and correct faults. This may involve work with the controlling software, on the wiring, printed circuit boards, software or microchips on a file server, or on cables either within or outside the building.
Once relatively rare, infringement of the same work by the same defendant in different countries promises to multiply with the increased global use of digital transmission networks. If a copyrighted work is copied without authority in both Country A and B, and if lawsuits are filed in both countries, which forum, if either, takes precedence? If suit is first filed in Country A, can Country A’s rules on accounting for profits properly be applied to recovery of profits earned in Country.
Electronic marketing of copyrighted works has increased the occasions for a single copyright infringement to cross national boundaries. If, without authority, a broadcaster in Country A transmits a musical work to a satellite, and the satellite signal is first received by the public in Country B, has the broadcaster infringed the work’s copyright under the law of Country A, which makes public reception an element of the cause of action?34 Has the broadcaster infringed under the law of Country B, which makes transmission an element of the cause of action? If, without authority, a film distributor in Country A authorizes a licensee in Country B to distribute motion picture videocassettes there, is the distributor liable for contributory infringement under the law of Country A, which makes an act of direct infringement a condition to recovery for contributory infringement? 35 In either case, the fact that Country B does or does not characterize the conduct occurring within its borders as an infringement, and the fact that Country B does or does not have copyright treaty relations with Country A, may complicate resolution of the question.