During the operation of a port there may be GHG
emissions from inefficient diesel engines belonging
to cranes, reach stackers and other port vehicles.
These are not usually submitted to the often rigorous
inspections applied to the vehicles of, for example,
visitors or in some cases the three shifts of port
workers who provide the 24-hour services needed
in a modern port. The on-dock buildings for workers
will also be using energy for heating and cooling to
keep operations at temperatures appropriate for the
workers. The cargo itself may also pollute through
excessive noise or dust during its handling or
storage.14 Some cargoes are particularly problematic;
for example cement, china clay, coal and iron ore are
prone to dust pollution. Other dry-bulk cargoes such
as fertilizers and animal feed have high concentrations
of organic material and/or nutrients and any resulting
spillage into the sea may cause localized nutrient
enrichment and oxygen depletion, which can destroy
marine life.