Another type of vernacular literature was known as the chanson de geste, or heroic epic.
The earliest and finest example of such literature is the “Song of Roland”, which appeared around 1100 and was written in French.
The chief events described in heroic epic poems are battles and political contrests.
The epic world is one of combat, in which knights fight courageously for their kings and lords.
Women play only a small role or no role at all in heroic epic poems.