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4. Two alternative perspectives on supplychain managementFig. 3 presents a summary framework of the evolutionof supply chain management along two separate pathsthat eventually merged into a common body of literature.While it is not an exclusive nor distinctive classi"cationof literature, Fig. 3 illustrates the evolution of supplychain management from the purchasing and supply activities,as well as the transportation and logistics functions,with a focus on integration, visibility, cycle timereduction, and streamlined channels (Tan et al., 1998b).The purchasing and supply perspective literature relatesto the previously disparate functions of purchasing andsupply management functions of the industrial buyers,whereas the transportation and logistics perspective ofsupply chain management literature evolves from thetransportation and physical distribution functions of thewholesalers and retailers. However, there are othermeans of classifying supply chain management literature.For example, Harland et al. (1999) and Harland (1996)classify research in this area according to the levels ofintegration (i.e., internal chain, dyadic relationship,
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