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OOwing to the advancement of mobile and wireless communication technologies, an increasing number of mobilelearning studies have been conducted in recent years. In a mobile learning environment, students are able tolearn indoors and outdoors with access to online resources at any time. However, whether or not new learningscenarios that combine both real-world contexts and digital-world resources are beneficial to the students hasbeen questioned. Moreover, it is also interesting to probe whether the existing e-learning strategies are effectivewhen situated in those mobile learning scenarios. In this study, an in-field activity on an indigenous culturecourse of an elementary school with a formative assessment-based learning strategy was conducted toinvestigate the possible negative effects of mobile learning by analyzing the students’ cognitive load andlearning achievement. It is interesting to find that, without proper treatment, the performance of students usingthose existing online learning strategies, known to be “effective,” might be disappointing or may evennegatively affect the students’ learning achievements. Furthermore, the negative effects could be due to theheavy cognitive load caused by an improper learning design. Such findings offer good references for those whointend to design and conduct mobile learning activities.
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