The higher surface roughness (Ra) is one of the reasons for the inferior fatigue lives of SLM steels in comparison to the conventionally manufactured ones. It results in more frequent and higher local stresses and consequent lower fatigue limits. Therefore, to improve the fatigue characteristics of SLM steels, it is possible to smoothen their surface roughness via surface processing. For instance, conventional surface processing procedures, such as turning, can produce compressive residual stresses and remove shallow surface defects from the material. They can also compress near surface defects by plastic deformation and decrease their negative impact on the mechanical properties [30,74].