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ทัศนคติของประชาชนต่อตำรวจResearch on citizen attitudes toward the police was initiated during the 1960s (Bayley & Mendohlson, 1969; Boggs & Galliher, 1975; Campbell & Schuman, 1969; Piliavin & Briar, 1964; President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, 1967; Zeitz, 1965). Much of this research was initiated by the President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice (1967) because of the social unrest occurring throughout the country. It has been argued that the social unrest during this time period was due to police practices (Goldstein, 1977) that contributed to racial riots in Los Angeles, Miami, and Detroit (Hahn, 1971). These events and the research initiated by the President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice have resulted in three decades of research focusing on citizen attitudes toward the police. This research has examined the relationship between citizen characteristics such as gender, race, age, and attitudes toward the police. Some researchers have suggested that individual characteristics are not the best predictors of citizen attitudes toward the police. Jesilow, Meyer, and Namazzi (1995) claimed that perceptions of the police are not closely related to factors such as race, gender, or even length of residence, but rather the neighborhood or community within which one resides is an important predictor of attitudes toward the police. In their update of Decker’s (1981) review of research on citizen attitudes toward the police, Brown and Benedict (2002) however found that race and age are important, and contact with the police and neighborhood are the most consistent predictors of citizen attitudes toward the police. More recent research has found that the relationship between neighborhood context and socioeconomic status are important to an understanding of attitudes toward the police. Examination of citizen attitudes toward the police in relation to problemsolving is important. Some research has indicated that citizen attitudes toward the police will influence their willingness to work with police to solve community problems and bring order to the community (Frank et al., 1996; Grinc, 1994; Hahn, 1971; Stipak, 1979). Further, Schneider, Rowell, and Bezdikian (2003) found that perceptions of community policing influenced attitudes toward the police. In contrast, other research has indicated that negative attitudes toward the police do not influence perceptions of community policing or willingness to engage in community policing activities (Reisig & Giacomazzi, 1998). Community policing and police problemsolving orientations can actually improve citizen attitudes toward the police over time (Peak et al., 1992). As police and citizen priorities align, citizen attitudes toward the police might improve.
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