Viet Nam has been following a course of market-oriented economic reform since the mid-1980s that has enabled it to achieve significant economic growth and develop a strong export sector. Its level of GDP per capita in 2011 was US$1,403, and the World Bank now classifies its economy as ‘lower middle-income’. The proportion of its population of 87.84 million in 2011 who were living below the national poverty line was high, however, at 13.1%. Most (86%) of its people are ethnically Kinh. In addition, there are 53 other ethnic nationalities, most living in the more remote parts of the country.