The Modern age also witnessed the r

The Modern age also witnessed the rise of nature capitalism (see History of the Western Economy). Consequently, the traditional ruling class (nobility and clergy, whose wealth was based on land ownership and taxation) was gradually supplanted by capitalists (whose wealth is based on production of goods and sevices). In traditional society, capitalists had generally occupied the middle class.
During the period from the Enlighttenment to World War 1 (ca. 1650-WWI), the five most powerful nations of Europe were France, Britain, Austria,Prussia (later Germany)and Russia. Austrias power was broken in the First World War. Consequently, the strongest European nations since WWI have been France, Britain, Germany, and Russia.

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Usia modern juga menyaksikan bangkitnya kapitalisme alam (lihat Sejarah Perekonomian Barat). Akibatnya, kelas tradisional yang berkuasa (bangsawan dan pendeta, yang kekayaannya didasarkan pada kepemilikan tanah dan perpajakan) secara bertahap digantikan oleh kapitalis (yang kekayaannya didasarkan pada produksi barang dan sevices). Dalam masyarakat tradisional, kapitalis telah umumnya menduduki kelas menengah.
Selama periode dari Enlighttenment Perang Dunia 1 (ca. 1650-Perang Dunia I), lima negara yang paling kuat di Eropa adalah Perancis, Inggris, Austria, Prusia (kemudian Jerman) dan Rusia. Daya Austrias rusak di Perang Dunia Pertama. Akibatnya, negara-negara Eropa sejak Perang Dunia I terkuat telah Perancis, Inggris, Jerman, dan Rusia.