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Tujuan-directedness mencakup pengambilan keputusan, ketika mengevaluasi individu merekatujuan pribadi dan nilai-nilai dan memilih tindakan yang didasarkan pada serangkaian alternatif (Robbins & Patton, 1985). Individu dengan tujuan-directedness rendah tidak mungkin untuk terlibat dalam perencanaan karir serius dan akan sebaliknya, menunjukkan keengganan untuk membuat keputusan karir. Penting bahwa manajer memahami tujuan-directedness mereka sendiri karena kurangnya perencanaan karir dapat mempengaruhi bagaimana manajer kemajuan di organisasi mereka. Individu dengan tujuan-directedness tinggi dan pencapaian tujuan dihasilkan cenderung meningkat pengalaman psikologis kesejahteraan (Holahan, 1988), optimisme (Scheier, Weintraub, & Carver, 1986), kepuasan hidup (Emmons, 1986), dan kontrol pribadi (Brandtstadter, 1989). Individu dengan tujuan-directedness rendah juga memiliki tinggi tujuan ketidakstabilan (Payne, Robbins, & Dougherty, 1991). Tujuan ketidakstabilan "mengacu pada kesulitan di daerah selfdirection dan mencakup kesulitan dalam menetapkan tujuan dan menjaga arah, menjagadrive to get work done, and initiating action” (Payne et al., p. 302). Jung’s (1971) pioneering work in psychological types led to four cognitive style functions defined as sensing, thinking, intuition, and feeling. Taggart and Robey (1981) adapted the four cognitive styles into decision-making styles. These decision-making styles were defined as ST (sensation/thinking), NT (intuition/thinking), SF (sensation/feeling), and NF (intuition/feeling). Decision styles are generalizable abilities that individuals use across a wide range of tasks (Hodgkinson, Langan-Fox, & Sadler-Smith, 2008). These styles are personal traits that determine how tasks are done. The styles can be changed after repeated failures or reinforced after successes (Williams & Miller, 2002). Scott and Bruce (1995) developed five distinct decision-making styles based on factor analysis. These decision styles were identified as rational, intuitive, dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous. These decision styles were the focus of this study. In describing the five decision styles, Sylvie and Huang (2008) noted that “A rational style is deliberate and logical; an intuitive style relies on internal hunches; a dependent style projects responsibility for decisions onto others; an avoidant style attempts to avoid decision making; and a spontaneous style attempts to make decisions quickly” (p. 67). Decision-making style affects the strategy the manager uses to determine the organization’s future direction. The intuitive manager for example, tends to view the prospector or analyzer strategy as the most effective course for the organization to achieve its goals (Gallen, 2006). Since the decision-making styles of managers can have far reaching effects on organizations, it is important to investigate how levels of trust and goal-directedness are related to the decision-making processes of managers. Managers must be able to reach out to others if managers are to become effective decision makers. Relationships between individuals are the building blocks of trust (Chan, 2007). Higher transaction costs (Bergren et al, 2008) and self centeredness (Miranda & Klement, 2009) are two of the negative effects of mistrust. Low goaldirectedness affects the drive to achieve in both personal and organizational settings (Robbins & Patton, 1985). These deficiencies could cause individuals to lack confidence in their decision-making abilities and rely on the avoidant, dependent, or spontaneous styles of decision making.
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