This article proceeds under the belief that conceptual work is as valid a scientific pursuit as empirical testing of theory. Although conceptual efforts, unlike empirical work, do not report test results from the real world, they are important because they form a firm basis upon which empirical studies build, as several researchers have argued (e.g., [76]). In the four-base model of research developed by Sagasti and Mitroff, one base is the conceptual model— the step before building an empirically testable model [66].