nothing said in briefings could be

nothing said in briefings could be attributed to her personally. John Biffen,
Leon Brittan, and Nigel Lawson were among those ministers who in the 1980s
found their credibility and positions threatened in this way. Nigel Lawson,
indeed, went so far as to accuse Number 10 and Ingham of ‘black propaganda’
in their dealings with him (Harris, 1991, p. 176).
In his memoirs and elsewhere, Ingham denies that he ever used the Lobby
system, or any of the communication channels available to him, in an
improper way. There can be no doubt, however, that the Thatcher–Ingham
era was accompanied by an unprecedented centralisation and politicisation
of the governmental communication apparatus, the potential for abuse of
which was of concern to many, Right and Left on the political spectrum, not
least as the previous section suggested, because the even more centralised,
even more ruthlessly politicised governmental information system of the
Blair government could and does claim a precedent for its approach in the
Thatcher years.
As for the development of prime ministerial public relations under the
Blair–Campbell regime, there were some important positive changes in the
direction of openness. After November 1997 Lobby briefings were no longer
entirely anonymous, but could be attributed to Campbell, as Blair’s official
spokesman. Lobby journalists and political commentators have generally
welcomed these changes and others such as the introduction of prime
ministerial press briefings. For example, on 4 September 2002 Tony Blair
used such an occasion to communicate to an international audience UK
policy on Iraq.
More worryingly for some, Campbell brought his aggressive style of news
management from opposition – where it was used to great effect to woo the
hitherto Tory press (see Chapter 4) – into government where, as in the
Thatcher–Ingham years, it was as likely to be used against Labour ministers
as opposition politicians or the BBC. Regarding his regular spats with the
latter organisation, Campbell wrote in a 1997 article that ‘the media is
aggressive and it often requires aggressive argument in return’.13 In this
respect he proved a more than worthy successor to Sir Bernard in his rough
handling of the journalists, right up to his resignation in August 2003.
Thereafter the Labour government adopted a more restrained, lower profile
style of communications direction, as did Gordon Brown and David
Cameron, first in opposition and then in government from May 2010. As
Andy Coulson took up the post of the new government’s communications
director, Alistair Campbell was reborn as a media pundit on political communication.

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tidak ada yang mengatakan dalam briefing dapat dikaitkan dengannya secara pribadi. John Biffen,Leon Brittan, dan Nigel Lawson adalah di antara orang-orang Menteri yang pada tahun 1980menemukan mereka kredibilitas dan posisi terancam dengan cara ini. Nigel Lawson,Memang, pergi sejauh untuk menuduh nomor 10 dan Ingham 'hitam propaganda'dalam hubungan mereka dengan dia (Harris, 1991, mukasurat 176).Dalam memoarnya dan di tempat lain, Ingham menyangkal bahwa dia pernah menggunakan lobisistem, atau salah satu saluran komunikasi yang tersedia baginya, dicara yang tidak layak. Bisa ada keraguan, bagaimanapun, bahwa Thatcher – Inghamera didampingi sentralisasi belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya dan politisasiaparatur pemerintah komunikasi, potensi penyalahgunaanyang bukanlah perhatian banyak, kanan dan kiri pada spektrum politik,setidaknya sebagai bagian sebelumnya yang disarankan, karena bahkan lebih terpusat,bahkan lebih kejam haluan informasi pemerintah sistemBlair pemerintah bisa dan mengklaim preseden untuk pendekatan dalamThatcher tahun.Untuk pengembangan hubungan Umum Perdana Menteri di bawahRezim Blair-Campbell, ada beberapa perubahan positif yang penting dalamArah keterbukaan. Setelah November 1997 lobi briefing yang tidak lagisepenuhnya anonim, tetapi bisa dihubungkan Campbell, sebagai Blair resmijuru bicara. Lobi wartawan dan komentator politik telah umumnyamenyambut perubahan ini dan lain-lain seperti pengenalan PerdanaMenteri pers briefing. Sebagai contoh, pada 4 September 2002 Tony Blairdigunakan dalam kesempatan seperti itu untuk berkomunikasi ke Inggris penonton internasionalkebijakan Irak.Lebih mengkhawatirkan bagi beberapa orang, Campbell membawa gaya agresif BeritaManajemen dari oposisi-mana itu digunakan untuk efek yang besar untuk woosampai sekarang Tory tekan (Lihat Bab 4) – ke pemerintah mana, sepertiTahun Thatcher – Ingham, itu lebih mungkin untuk digunakan melawan Menteri tenaga kerjasebagai politikus oposisi atau BBC. Mengenai pertengkaran biasa nya dengankedua organisasi, Campbell menulis dalam 1997 artikel yang ' mediaagresif dan sering memerlukan agresif argumen kembali '. 13 inimenghormati dia terbukti lebih dari layak penerus Sir Bernard dalam kasarpenanganan wartawan yang, sampai pengunduran dirinya pada bulan Agustus 2003.Setelah itu pemerintah buruh mengadopsi lebih terkendali, rendah profilgaya arah komunikasi, seperti Gordon Brown dan DavidCameron, pertama dalam oposisi dan kemudian pemerintah dari Mei 2010. SebagaiAndy Coulson mengambil jabatan pemerintahan baru komunikasiDirektur, Alistair Campbell terlahir sebagai pakar media komunikasi politik.