Any lagged effects in the model are likely to arise from sluggishness  translation - Any lagged effects in the model are likely to arise from sluggishness  Indonesian how to say

Any lagged effects in the model are

Any lagged effects in the model are likely to arise from sluggishness in price adjustment, delays in transportation and expectations formation under price uncertainty. On a priori grounds, maximum lags greater than six months due to these causes seem highly implausible and also strain the data in terms of degrees of freedom.
The unrestricted model, equation (4), was estimated for n = 6 assuming an AR 1 error. This gave an excellent overall fit and a reasonably flat residual correlogram over six lags for each district." Residual variance F-tests were then applied to the three main restricted forms described in the previous section. The significance of the two postulated nonprice influences was also examined, Whenever the long-run integration restriction was accepted the model was reestimated in the form of equation (II) and short-run integration was then retested,
The test results are given in table 2.

Summary and Discussion of the Results

To summarize the results:
a) Market segmentation performs poorly as a restricted form of the general model for all
districts.
b) At the other extreme, short-run market integration within one month cannot be reasonably accepted for any districts except Sylhet and in this case only for the weaker form. For all other districts, residual variances are considerably increased by assuming shortrun market integration, and so the assumption is hard to justify for these data."
c) The parameter restriction implied by long-run market integration performs slightly better but is still difficult to accept for three of the five districts. Short-run integration continues to be weak when long-run integration is imposed for the other two districts.
d) Local seasonality is in evidence for four districts. For each of these, winter harvest prices were significantly lower than Dhaka prices.
e) The price series for all districts exhibit quite strong localized effects of the 1974 famine. In all cases, local prices were (ceteris paribus) significantly higher than Dhaka prices. Indeed, for two districts (Mymensinghand Rangpur) the price differential actually changed direction briefly during the famine.
f) There is evidence of a local (positive) time trend for two districts, Bogra and Rangpur.
These results suggest some quite significant impediments to trade between Dhaka and its main rural supply areas, with the possible exception of the northeastern district of Sylhet. The northwestern trade corridor to Rangpurand Dinajpur seems highly restricted. While these are relatively remote areas, it is also notable how poorly the short-run market integration restrictions perform for the much closer district of Mymensingh.
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Results (Indonesian) 1: [Copy]
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Any lagged effects in the model are likely to arise from sluggishness in price adjustment, delays in transportation and expectations formation under price uncertainty. On a priori grounds, maximum lags greater than six months due to these causes seem highly implausible and also strain the data in terms of degrees of freedom. The unrestricted model, equation (4), was estimated for n = 6 assuming an AR 1 error. This gave an excellent overall fit and a reasonably flat residual correlogram over six lags for each district." Residual variance F-tests were then applied to the three main restricted forms described in the previous section. The significance of the two postulated nonprice influences was also examined, Whenever the long-run integration restriction was accepted the model was reestimated in the form of equation (II) and short-run integration was then retested, The test results are given in table 2.Summary and Discussion of the ResultsTo summarize the results: a) Market segmentation performs poorly as a restricted form of the general model for alldistricts.b) At the other extreme, short-run market integration within one month cannot be reasonably accepted for any districts except Sylhet and in this case only for the weaker form. For all other districts, residual variances are considerably increased by assuming shortrun market integration, and so the assumption is hard to justify for these data."c) The parameter restriction implied by long-run market integration performs slightly better but is still difficult to accept for three of the five districts. Short-run integration continues to be weak when long-run integration is imposed for the other two districts.d) Local seasonality is in evidence for four districts. For each of these, winter harvest prices were significantly lower than Dhaka prices.e) The price series for all districts exhibit quite strong localized effects of the 1974 famine. In all cases, local prices were (ceteris paribus) significantly higher than Dhaka prices. Indeed, for two districts (Mymensinghand Rangpur) the price differential actually changed direction briefly during the famine.f) There is evidence of a local (positive) time trend for two districts, Bogra and Rangpur.These results suggest some quite significant impediments to trade between Dhaka and its main rural supply areas, with the possible exception of the northeastern district of Sylhet. The northwestern trade corridor to Rangpurand Dinajpur seems highly restricted. While these are relatively remote areas, it is also notable how poorly the short-run market integration restrictions perform for the much closer district of Mymensingh.
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Results (Indonesian) 2:[Copy]
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Setiap efek tertinggal dalam model yang mungkin muncul dari kelesuan dalam penyesuaian harga, keterlambatan transportasi dan harapan pembentukan bawah ketidakpastian harga. Pada alasan apriori, maksimum tertinggal lebih dari enam bulan karena penyebab ini tampak sangat tidak masuk akal dan juga ketegangan data dalam hal derajat kebebasan.
Model terbatas, persamaan (4), diperkirakan untuk n = 6 asumsi AR 1 error . Ini memberikan keseluruhan sangat cocok dan correlogram sisa cukup datar lebih dari enam tertinggal untuk setiap kabupaten. "Varians sisa F-tes kemudian diterapkan pada tiga bentuk dibatasi utama yang dijelaskan di bagian sebelumnya. Arti penting dari dua pengaruh nonharga didalilkan juga diperiksa, Setiap kali pembatasan integrasi jangka panjang diterima model ini reestimated dalam bentuk persamaan (II) dan integrasi jangka pendek kemudian diuji ulang,
Hasil tes diberikan dalam tabel 2. Ringkasan dan Pembahasan Hasil Untuk meringkas Hasil: a) Segmentasi pasar berkinerja buruk sebagai bentuk terbatas dari model umum untuk semua kabupaten. b) Pada ekstrim, jangka pendek integrasi pasar lain dalam satu bulan tidak bisa cukup diterima untuk setiap kabupaten kecuali Sylhet dan dalam hal ini hanya untuk bentuk lemah. Untuk semua kabupaten lain, varians residual yang jauh meningkat dengan mengasumsikan integrasi pasar shortrun, sehingga asumsi sulit untuk membenarkan data tersebut. " c) Pembatasan parameter tersirat oleh integrasi pasar jangka panjang melakukan sedikit lebih baik tetapi masih sulit untuk menerima tiga dari lima kabupaten. Integrasi jangka pendek terus menjadi lemah ketika integrasi jangka panjang yang dikenakan untuk dua kabupaten lainnya. d) musim lokal adalah bukti untuk empat kabupaten. Untuk masing-masing, harga panen musim dingin secara signifikan lebih rendah dari harga Dhaka. e) Seri harga untuk semua kabupaten menunjukkan efek lokal cukup kuat dari 1.974 kelaparan. Dalam semua kasus, harga lokal (ceteris paribus) secara signifikan lebih tinggi daripada harga Dhaka. Memang, selama dua kabupaten (Mymensinghand Rangpur) perbedaan harga sebenarnya berubah arah secara singkat selama kelaparan. f) Ada bukti dari lokal (positif) trend waktu selama dua kabupaten, Bogra dan Rangpur. Hasil ini menunjukkan beberapa hambatan yang cukup signifikan untuk perdagangan antara Dhaka dan wilayah utama pasokan pedesaan, dengan kemungkinan pengecualian dari distrik timur laut Sylhet. Perdagangan koridor barat laut ke Rangpurand Dinajpur tampaknya sangat terbatas. Sementara ini adalah daerah yang relatif terpencil, juga penting seberapa buruk pembatasan integrasi pasar jangka pendek melakukan untuk distrik jauh lebih dekat dari Mymensingh.












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