As an example, consider the 32-bit virtual address 0x00403004 (4,206,5 translation - As an example, consider the 32-bit virtual address 0x00403004 (4,206,5 Indonesian how to say

As an example, consider the 32-bit

As an example, consider the 32-bit virtual address 0x00403004 (4,206,596 decimal), which is 12,292 bytes into the data. This virtual address corresponds to PT1 = 1, PT2 = 2, and Offset = 4. The MMU first uses PT1 to index into the lop-level page table and obtain entry 1, which corresponds to addresses 4M to 8M. It then uses PT2 to index into the second-level page table just found and extract entry 3, which corresponds to addresses 12288 to 16383 within its 4M chunk (i.e., absolute addresses 4,206,592 to 4,210,687). This entry contains the page frame number of the page containing virtual address 0x00403004. If that page is not in memory, the Present/absent bit in the page table entry will be zero, causing a page fault. If the page is in memory, the page frame number taken from the second-level page table is combined with the offset (4) to construct a physical address. This address is put on the bus and sent to memory.


The interesting thing to note about Fig. 4-12 is that although the address space contains over a million pages, only four page tables are actually needed: the top-level table, and the second-level tables for 0 to 4M, 4M to 8M, and the top 4M. The Present/absent bits in 1021 entries of the top-level page table are set to 0, forcing a page fault if they are ever accessed. Should this occur, the operating system will notice that the process is trying to reference memory that it is not supposed to and will take appropriate action, such as sending it a signal or killing it. In this example we have chosen round numbers for the various sizes and have picked PT1 equal to PT2 but in actual practice other values are also possible, of course.
The two-level page table system of Fig. 4-12 can be expanded to three, four, or more levels. Additional levels give more flexibility, but it is doubtful that the additional complexity is worth it beyond three levels.
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As an example, consider the 32-bit virtual address 0x00403004 (4,206,596 decimal), which is 12,292 bytes into the data. This virtual address corresponds to PT1 = 1, PT2 = 2, and Offset = 4. The MMU first uses PT1 to index into the lop-level page table and obtain entry 1, which corresponds to addresses 4M to 8M. It then uses PT2 to index into the second-level page table just found and extract entry 3, which corresponds to addresses 12288 to 16383 within its 4M chunk (i.e., absolute addresses 4,206,592 to 4,210,687). This entry contains the page frame number of the page containing virtual address 0x00403004. If that page is not in memory, the Present/absent bit in the page table entry will be zero, causing a page fault. If the page is in memory, the page frame number taken from the second-level page table is combined with the offset (4) to construct a physical address. This address is put on the bus and sent to memory.The interesting thing to note about Fig. 4-12 is that although the address space contains over a million pages, only four page tables are actually needed: the top-level table, and the second-level tables for 0 to 4M, 4M to 8M, and the top 4M. The Present/absent bits in 1021 entries of the top-level page table are set to 0, forcing a page fault if they are ever accessed. Should this occur, the operating system will notice that the process is trying to reference memory that it is not supposed to and will take appropriate action, such as sending it a signal or killing it. In this example we have chosen round numbers for the various sizes and have picked PT1 equal to PT2 but in actual practice other values are also possible, of course.The two-level page table system of Fig. 4-12 can be expanded to three, four, or more levels. Additional levels give more flexibility, but it is doubtful that the additional complexity is worth it beyond three levels.
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Sebagai contoh, mempertimbangkan 32-bit alamat virtual 0x00403004 (4206596 desimal), yang 12.292 byte ke data. Alamat virtual ini sesuai dengan PT1 = 1, PT2 = 2, dan Offset = 4. MMU pertama menggunakan PT1 untuk indeks ke tabel halaman lop-tingkat dan mendapatkan entri 1, yang sesuai dengan alamat 4M ke 8M. Ia kemudian menggunakan PT2 untuk indeks ke dalam kedua tingkat tabel halaman hanya menemukan dan masuk ekstrak 3, yang sesuai dengan alamat 12.288-16.383 dalam 4M potongan (yaitu, mutlak alamat 4.206.592 untuk 4.210.687). Catatan ini berisi nomor page frame dari halaman yang berisi alamat virtual 0x00403004. Jika halaman yang tidak dalam memori, Present / absen bit pada tabel entri halaman akan menjadi nol, menyebabkan kesalahan halaman. Jika halaman dalam memori, jumlah page frame yang diambil dari tabel halaman kedua tingkat dikombinasikan dengan offset (4) untuk membangun sebuah alamat fisik. Alamat ini diletakkan di bus dan dikirim ke memori. Hal yang menarik untuk dicatat tentang Fig. 4-12 adalah bahwa meskipun ruang alamat berisi lebih dari satu juta halaman, hanya empat meja halaman yang benar-benar diperlukan: tabel tingkat atas, dan tabel tingkat kedua untuk 0 sampai 4M, 4M untuk 8M, dan atas 4M. Present / bit absen di 1021 entri dari tabel halaman tingkat atas yang diatur ke 0, memaksa kesalahan halaman jika mereka pernah diakses. Jika hal ini terjadi, sistem operasi akan melihat bahwa proses sedang mencoba untuk referensi memori yang tidak seharusnya dan akan mengambil tindakan yang tepat, seperti mengirim sebuah sinyal atau membunuh itu. Dalam contoh ini kita telah memilih angka bulat untuk berbagai ukuran dan memilih PT1 sama dengan PT2 tetapi dalam praktek yang sebenarnya nilai-nilai lain juga mungkin, tentu saja. Dua-tingkat sistem tabel halaman dari Gambar. 4-12 dapat diperluas ke tiga, empat, atau lebih tingkat. Tingkat tambahan memberikan fleksibilitas lebih, tetapi diragukan bahwa kompleksitas tambahan yang layak di luar tiga tingkatan.



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