IjtihadReinterpreting Islamic Princ

Ijtihad
Reinterpreting Islamic Principles
for the Twenty-first Centu
ry
Summary
• Many Muslims believe that they must choose between Islam and modernity or
between Islam and democracy, but these are false choices. To reinterpret Islam for
the twenty-first century, the practice of
ijtihad
(interpretation and reasoning based
on the sacred texts) must be revived.
• Religious scholars effectively terminated the practice of
ijtihad
five hundred years
ago. But the principles of interpretation are well established and the need for con
-
temporary interpretation is compelling.
• New interpretations of the texts are particularly important in relation to the status of
women, relations between Sunnis and Shiites, relations between Muslims and non-
Muslims, the role of Muslims in non-Muslim societies, and Islamic economic theories.
• Most scholars would limit the practice of
ijtihad
to specialists who have not only
knowledge of the Qur’an and the hadiths but also broad familiarity with a wide range
of modern scholarship in Arabic grammar, logic, philosophy, economics, and sociology.
• Other scholars assert that interpretation of the texts should not be confined to legal
scholars but should be open to those with creative imagination.
• Restrictions on the contemporary practice of
ijtihad
are imposed both by religious estab
-
lishments and by repressive governments in Muslim countries. Democracy and freedom of
inquiry and expression are essential to the practice of
ijtihad
and to the successful recon
-
ciliation of Islam and modernity. Reform of Muslim educational systems is also essential.
• Muslim scholars and leaders in the United States and other Western societies have
particular opportunities as well as a responsibility to lead a revival of
ijtihad.
Muslim
scholars in the West have the freedom to think creatively while still being faithful
to the texts, and their new interpretations could stimulate new thinking among the
more traditional religious establishments in Muslim countries

Results (Indonesian) 1:

IjtihadReinterpreting Islamic Principlesfor the Twenty-first CenturySummary• Many Muslims believe that they must choose between Islam and modernity or between Islam and democracy, but these are false choices. To reinterpret Islam for the twenty-first century, the practice of ijtihad (interpretation and reasoning based on the sacred texts) must be revived.• Religious scholars effectively terminated the practice of ijtihad five hundred years ago. But the principles of interpretation are well established and the need for con-temporary interpretation is compelling.• New interpretations of the texts are particularly important in relation to the status of women, relations between Sunnis and Shiites, relations between Muslims and non-Muslims, the role of Muslims in non-Muslim societies, and Islamic economic theories.• Most scholars would limit the practice of ijtihad to specialists who have not only knowledge of the Qur’an and the hadiths but also broad familiarity with a wide range of modern scholarship in Arabic grammar, logic, philosophy, economics, and sociology.• Other scholars assert that interpretation of the texts should not be confined to legal scholars but should be open to those with creative imagination.• Restrictions on the contemporary practice of ijtihad are imposed both by religious estab-lishments and by repressive governments in Muslim countries. Democracy and freedom of penyelidikan dan ekspresi yang penting untuk praktek ijtihad dan untuk recon sukses-kepu Islam dan modernitas. Reformasi sistem pendidikan Islam juga penting.• Sarjana-sarjana Muslim dan pemimpin di Amerika Serikat dan masyarakat Barat lainnya memiliki peluang tertentu serta tanggung jawab untuk memimpin kebangkitan ijtihad. Muslim Sarjana di barat memiliki kebebasan untuk berpikir kreatif sementara masih setia untuk teks, dan interpretasi baru mereka bisa merangsang pemikiran baru antara Pendirian keagamaan yang lebih tradisional di negara-negara Muslim

Results (Indonesian) 2:

Ijtihad
menafsirkan ulang Prinsip Islam
untuk Centu Dua puluh pertama
ry
Ringkasan
• Banyak Muslim percaya bahwa mereka harus memilih antara Islam dan modernitas atau
antara Islam dan demokrasi, tetapi ini adalah pilihan yang salah. Menafsirkan kembali Islam untuk
abad kedua puluh satu, praktik
ijtihad
(penafsiran dan penalaran berdasarkan
pada teks-teks suci) harus dihidupkan kembali.
• ulama Keagamaan efektif mengakhiri praktek
ijtihad
lima ratus tahun
yang lalu. Tetapi prinsip-prinsip penafsiran yang mapan dan kebutuhan untuk con
-
. interpretasi sementara adalah menarik
• interpretasi baru dari teks-teks yang sangat penting dalam kaitannya dengan status
perempuan, hubungan antara Sunni dan Syiah, hubungan antara Muslim dan non-
Muslim, peran umat Islam dalam masyarakat non-Muslim, dan teori-teori ekonomi Islam.
• Kebanyakan sarjana akan membatasi praktik
ijtihad
untuk spesialis yang tidak hanya
pengetahuan tentang Al-Qur'an dan hadis, tetapi juga keakraban yang luas dengan berbagai
beasiswa yang modern dalam bahasa Arab tata bahasa, logika, filsafat, ekonomi, dan sosiologi.
• ulama lain menyatakan bahwa penafsiran teks-teks tidak harus terbatas pada hukum
ulama tetapi harus terbuka untuk orang-orang dengan imajinasi kreatif.
• Pembatasan praktek kontemporer
ijtihad
dikenakan baik oleh pem agama
-
lishments dan pemerintah represif di negara-negara Muslim. Demokrasi dan kebebasan
penyelidikan dan ekspresi sangat penting untuk praktek
ijtihad
dan ke pengintaian sukses
-
rekonsiliasi Islam dan modernitas. Reformasi sistem pendidikan Islam juga penting.
• ulama dan pemimpin di Amerika Serikat dan masyarakat Barat lainnya memiliki
peluang tertentu serta tanggung jawab untuk memimpin kebangkitan
ijtihad.
Muslim
ulama di Barat memiliki kebebasan untuk berpikir kreatif sementara masih setia
dengan teks, dan interpretasi baru mereka bisa menstimulasi pemikiran baru di antara
instansi agama yang lebih tradisional di negara-negara Muslim